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CHAPTERXIVENGLISHLANGUAGE
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BeginSources—ThePresent
TheEnglishlaongueinEnglandandheriesthroughouttheworldandalshoutthegreaterpartoftheUesofAmerica.Itsprangfruespokeons，whocameovertoBritaihequestofthattrybytheRomales，Saxons，JutesahertribesfromtheofGermany.Theyspokedifferethesebedediry，aetoobeknownastheAnglo-Saxonwhichhasbeenthemainbasisfuageasatpresentstitutedandisstilltheprevailihereforethtodoawaywithsomelo-Saxonwords，ohattheyarenotrefioexpresstheiraestheticideas，areunderminingmainpropswhiecessaryforthesupportofsomeimportantpartsintheedificeofthelanguage.
TheAnglo-Saxosuppliestheessentialpartsofspeech，theartiounofallkiion，theauxiliaryverbs，thedthelittleparticleswhidwordsienthejoints，sinewsahelafurindispensablewordsofthevocabulary.（SeeChap.XIII.）hebeautyofAnglo-SaxoratedthanintheLord'sPrayer.Fifty-fourureSaxonandtheremainingonescouldeasilybereplacedbySaxospelofSt.JohnisaratioexclusiveuseofAnglo-Saxoneare，athisbest，isAnglo-Saxon.HereisaquotatioofVenidofthefifty-fivewordsfifty-twlo-SaxthreeFrench:
Allthatglittersisnotgold—Oftenhaveyouheardthattold?
Manyamahsold，Butmyoutsidetobehold.
Guildedtombsdowormsinfold.Hadyoubeenaswiseasbold，Younginlimbs，iold，Yourabeeninscrolled—Fareyouwell，yoursuitiscold.
TheliothemouthofHamlet'sfatherienseness，selytoDante'sinsoeofhell，haveonehundredaAnglo-SaxonandbutfifteenLatinwords.
ThesestituelishisLatinwhiprisesthosewordsderiveddiretheoldRomanandthosewhidirectlythroughtheFrenerwereiheRomans，whoglandatthecloseofthesixthderAugustiechieflytoecclesiasticalaffairs，sutfromsanctus，religiio，chalicalix，massfrommissa，ethadreek，aspriestfrompresbyter，whiwasadirectderivativefromtheGreekpresbuteros，alsodeatheGreekdiakonos.
&classofLatinwordsarethosewhichcamethroughtheNorman-FrenaheNormanshadadopted，withthereligion，thelanguage，lawsandartsoftheRomanizedGaulsandRomanizedFranks，andafteraresidenorethauryiheysuccessfullyinvadedEnglandin1066underWilliamthequerorandaheFrenismsbedistihespelling.ThusSaviourtheLatinSalvaththeFrenchSauveur?judgmentfromtheLatinjudiclumthroughtheFre?people，fromtheLatinpopulus，throughtheFrec.
FtimetheSaxuesrefusedtocoalesdwereliketwodistisflowingiions.Normanokenbythelordsandbaronsiles，iasofjustibythepeopleintheirruralhomes，fieldsandworkshops.Formorethanthreehuhestreamsfloart，butfinallytheybleakiiishelements，acamethepresentEnglishlassimplesystemofgrammatifleditsrichvocabulary.
&herofEnglishproseisgenerallyregardedasWycliffe，whotraheBiblein1380，whilethepaterhesecularpoeticalfieldaretwinedaroundthebro>
&heGermanianic，whistitutethegreaterpartoftheEnglishlahertongueshavefura.OfthesetheCelticisperhapstheoldest.TheBritonsatCaesar'sinvasiooftheCelticfamily.TheCeltiisstillspokenintwodialects，theWelshiheGaeliIrelandandtheHighlandsofSd.TheCeltiEnglish，areparativelyfew?cart，dock，wire，rail，cradle，babe，grown，griddle，lad，lass，aresomeinmostonuse.
TheDaesfromthepirativasiohauries.Itinger，awe，baffle，bang，bark，bawl，blunder，boulder，box，club，crash，dairy，dazzle，fellow，gable，gain，ill，jam，kidnap，kill，kidney，kneel，limber，litter，log，lull，lump，mast，mistake，nag，nasty，niggard，hh，rump，sale，scald，shriek，skin，skull，sledge，sleigh，tagle，tipple，trust，viking，ic.
FromtheHebrewwehavealargenumberofpropernamesfromAdamaoJohnandMaryandsuessiah，rabbi，hallelujah，cherub，seraph，hosanna，manna，satan，Sabbath，etc.
MaermsandnamesofbranchestheGreek.Infaearlyallthetermsandart，fromthealphabettothehighestpeaksofmetaphysidtheology，ediretheGreek—philosophy，logithropology，psychology，aesthetics，grammar，rhetoric，history，philology，mathematics，arithmetiy，anatomy，geography，stenography，physiology，architedhundredsmoreinsimilardomains?thesubdivisionsandramifisoftheologyasexegesis，hermeics，apologetiiatics，ethiiletics，etc.，areallGreek.
&chhavegivenussomemodererms，assloop，ser，yadalsoahersasboom，bush，boor，brandy，duck，reef，skate，wagoanhattanislandgaveusboss，thenameforemployeroroverseer，alsocoldslaa（cutdvinegar），andanumberofgeographicalterms.
Manyofourmostpleasingeuphonicwords，espetherealmofmusic，havebeeousdiretheItalian.Ofthesearepiano，violira，to，allegro，piazza，gazette，umbrella，gondola，bac.
Spanishhasfurhalligator，alpaca，bigot，ibal，cargo，filibuster，freebuano，hurrie，mosquito，ampede，potato，tobaato，tarill，etc.
FromArabicwehaveseveralmathematiical，medidchemicaltermsasalcohol，albic，algebra，alkali，almanac，assassin，azure，cipher，elixir，harem，hegira，sofa，talismahandzero.
Bazaar，dervish，lilac，pagoda，，scarlet，shawl，tartar，tiaraandpeaetousfromthePersian.
Turban，tulip，divanandfirmaurkish.Drosky，knout，rouble，steppe，ukaseareRussian.
TheIndianshavehelpedussiderablyaheyhavegiveremelyeuphonicasexemplifiedinthenamesofmanyofourriversandStates，asMississippi，Missouri，Minnehaha，Susquehanna，Monongahela，Niagara，Ohio，Massachusetts，ecticut，Iowa，Nebraska，Dakota，etadditiontothesepropernameswehavefromtheIndians，hammoahawk，oic.
Therearemanyhybridwlish，thatis，wfromtwoormuages.Infaglishhasdrawnfromallsourditisdailyaddingtefamily，andaddiitisspreadiheromisestotakeiirehumanfamilybesf.ItistheopinionofmanythatEnglish，inashorttime，willbeetheuniversallaisaughtasabranchofthehighereduthebestcollegesaiesofEuropeandinallercialeverylandthroughouttheworld.InAsiaitfollowstheBritishswayandthehighwayshthevastempireofEastIndiawithitstwohundredandfiftymilliohenandMohammedaninhabitants.ItislargelyusedisofJapananddtheivesofthesetrieswhitisingeveryday.ItisfirmlyestablishedinSouthAfrica，Liberia，SierraLeone，andinmanyoftheislandsoftheIndianandSouthSeas.Itisthelaralia，asmania，andmissiorodutoalltheislandsofPolymaybesaidtobethelivingerguageoftheNorthAmerient，fromBaffin'sBaytotheGulfofMexidfromtheAtlantictothePaditisspelyinmanyoftherepublierica.Itisnotlimitedbyparallelsoflatitude，ormeridiansoflowlish-speakingtries，EnglaedStates，aredisseminatingitnorth，south，eastaheentireworld.
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